One to proper dentary fragment which have P/step 3-M/step three (Buddy 59); you to proper dentary fragment with Yards/2-M/step three (Friend 61)
Differential medical diagnosis. Oxacron is different from Caintheriinae by presence out-of subtriangular top molars instead of crested styles, a shorter postparacristula, narrow premolars, a weaker postprotoconulid, a good biradiculate P/step one, diastemata anywhere between P/2-P/3 and P1/-P2/, and you will a great protocone more mesial versus paracone on P4/. They differs including out-of Plesiomeryx and Caenomeryx varieties of the less proportions, an inferior protocone on the P3/, in addition to absence of a protocone to the P2/. It is different from Cainotherium because of the shorter proportions, the absence of cingula/ids on premolars, a great triangular P3/, therefore the presence regarding a valley amongst the entoconid as well as the mesoconid to the lower molars. Oxacron are popular from the almost every other Oxacroninae Paroxacron by less premolars, a P1/, P/1, and you can P/dos caniniforms, a shorter mesial lobe on the P3/, good triangular P4/, and additionally a smaller paraconule to your higher molars. In the long run, Oxacron differs from Palembertina gen. late. by many people letters (select over).
Matter away from Palembert. Palembert is located in the latest Quercy phosphorites city (South west from France) nearby the community from Caylus (Tarn-et-Garonne, France).
Results
Description. Oxacron courtoisii regarding Palembert is reported because of the its lower dentition having a few fragmentary dentaries. With regards to the alveola pattern of Pal 59 (Shape 2A-B), the fresh new P/step one was biradiculate. Quick diastemata exist between P/1-P/dos and you can P/2-P/3. P/3 and you will P/4 was small. The new P/step 3 presents a strong protoconid and you may an initial distal cristid lingually rounded. The latest P/cuatro shows an excellent protoconid significantly more mesial versus metaconid. Its talonid basin try highest which have a small postprotoconulid and you can a small hypoconid. The fresh new entoconid is very weak.
The reduced molars (Pal 59, Friend 61; Contour 2A-D) expose this new “Caintotherium plan” which have about three large lingual cuspids: a beneficial mesial metaconid, a medial metaconulid, and you can a great distal entoconid. The new paraconid are quick. The metaconulid is actually higher, away from the newest metaconid and broke up from the a long mediocristid. The fresh talonid try bucco-lingually limited which have a huge centroconulid and you may an effective postendocentroconulid extended distolingually. This new entoconid was looped plus distal versus hypoconid. This new M/step three gift suggestions a massive hypoconulid rather than an excellent posthypocristulid. The new mesial cingulid is quite high.
The mandible (Buddy 59) reveals several intellectual foramina on horizontal ramus, one to underneath the mesial part of 
P/dos plus one below the mesial element of P/4 (Contour 2B). The latest lateral ramus are gracile and you can superficial, and its particular top is pretty lingering amongst the premolar area and you will the past molar. New angular apophysis, maybe not preserved, try mesially delimited by the an effective incisura vasorum (Friend 59, Buddy 60; Profile 2B, 2D).
Phylogenetic Data
The brand new cladistic research chose just one parsimonious tree (size = 183, Consistency Index [CI] = 0.forty eight, Storage List [RI] = 0.73, CI with only parsimony-informative characters = 0.45; Figure 4), showing a proper-prepared rule and you can apparently weak homoplasy. The brand new topology is actually congruent with this from Weppe et al. (2020), this new taxon Palembertina deplasi late. gen. nov. sp. in search of its place when you look at the monophyletic Cainotheriidae, since sis taxon on clade C (Oxacroninae, Cainotheriinae). The second gathers two subfamilies: Oxacroninae, which have Oxacron and you will Paroxacron; and you may Cainotheriinae, that have Plesiomeryx, Caenomeryx, and Cainotherium.
The brand new monophyly from Cainotheriidae, plus Palembertina gen. biguous synapomorphies (Bremer index [BI] = 4). He’s characterized by the latest presence to their top molars, of: a huge parastyle similar to other designs (8 1 ; RI = 0.67), good distostyle (eleven step one ; RI = 0.89), a very strong dilambdodonty (twenty-two step 1 ; RI = 0.88), an effective postparacristula (29 step one ; RI = 0.86), and you can deficiencies in preprotocrista and paraconule junction (17 0 ; RI = 0.67); on their down molars, it establish: a big (thirty-six 1 ; RI = step one.000) and you will personalized metaconulid (37 step one ; RI = step one.00), good neotrigonid (51 1 ; RI = 1.00), and lack of hypoconulid into the M/step one and you will Yards/2 (41 0 ; RI = 0.75). Contained in this Cainotheriidae, Palembertina gen. late. ‘s the first offshoot and you can appears as the latest brother taxon to help you this new clade C (Oxacroninae, Cainotheriinae). It suggests around three autapomorphies: an initial diastema anywhere between P/2-P/step 3 (six 1 ; RI = 0.33), along with a great looped mesostyle (10 0 ; RI = 0.50) and a giant distostyle (twelve step one ) into the top molars. New clade C (BI = 2) is supported by half a dozen low-confusing synapomorphies, towards top molars: an effective distal protocone (13 dos ; RI = 0.94), a small cingulum encompassing brand new protocone (20 step one ; RI = 0.58), and a long postprotocrista (28 1 ; RI = 0.50); into the down molars: an incredibly distal entoconid (43 dos ; RI = 1.00), and absence of good basin-shaped hypoconulid (forty 0 ; RI = 0.75) as well as posthypocristulid (55 0 ; RI = 0.67) into the M/step three. Inside clade C, Oxacroninae (BI=1) are supported by a beneficial protocone way more mesial compared to the paracone toward P4/ (62 1 ; RI = 0.50) and you may an excellent biradiculate P/1 (77 step 1 ; RI = step 1.00), and Cainotheriinae (BI = 1) is actually backed by a good postparacristula buccally a lot of time joining the preprotocrista towards the upper molars (thirty-two 1 ; RI = 1.00) and you may an enormous postprotoconulid into lower premolars (76 step one ; RI = 1.00).